Devices that measure the amount of alcohol in the blood are called breathalyzers. The measurement unit of the device that can detect the amount of alcohol in a person’s breath from the air is promille. To get the best result from a breathalyzer, the diaphragm breath must be blown.
Breathalyzer estimates the average alcohol level in the blood by measuring the alcohol level in the breath. The main reason for developing this system is to prevent drunk driving accidents and to facilitate the identification of the offender. Therefore, the breathalyzer is one of the most important devices used in traffic.
A driver on the road must not have consumed alcohol above a certain promille limit. Therefore, a driver who consumes alcohol above this limit faces a penalty, and this penalty can only be determined by a breathalyzer or blood test. Breathalyzer measurements can be done within seconds, but since blood test results take longer, the use of breathalyzers in traffic provides more convenience.
What is the Operating Principle of the Breathalyzer?
The breathalyzer is a device that performs precise measurements. Therefore, if you have applied cologne to your hand or used an alcohol-based wet wipe, it can affect the reading on the device.
The breathalyzer consists of a light source, potassium, dichromate solution, filter, photoelectric detector, and indicator. Its chemical basis is a redox reaction. When you blow into the device, your breath is drawn into an alkaline solvent containing acidic potassium dichromate solution, and the ethanol in the air converts into acetic acid. Ethanol is oxidized by acetic acid, and the chromium in the orange-yellow dichromate ion changes to green chromium ion. The blood alcohol level is determined by measuring the degree of this color change.
There are 3 types of breathalyzers: breath testers, poison testers, and alco sensors.
Breath testers work on the principle described above and are the most commonly used. Their ability to provide quick measurement results has made them especially useful in traffic inspections.
Poison testers detect alcohol by performing infrared optical analyses. Alco sensors determine the amount of alcohol with the help of a fuel cell. The breathalyzer was first used after a traffic accident that occurred in 1897.
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